What is Antibiotic Resistance?
Antibiotic resistance is the term used to indicate that a microorganism will not respond to treatment with a particular antibiotic. The resistance is related to the microorganism not the patient. All microorganisms have the potential to be resistant to antibiotics. Resistance can be:
Relative resistance occurs when a microorganism in a particular body site will not respond to standard doses of antibiotic, in a patient with normal physiology and body size. It can sometimes be overcome by using higher doses of antibiotic. Most antibiotic resistance is relative.
Absolute resistance cannot be overcome whatever concentration of antibiotic is used. Examples of absolute resistance:
Relative resistance occurs when a microorganism in a particular body site will not respond to standard doses of antibiotic, in a patient with normal physiology and body size. It can sometimes be overcome by using higher doses of antibiotic. Most antibiotic resistance is relative.
Absolute resistance cannot be overcome whatever concentration of antibiotic is used. Examples of absolute resistance:
The naming of antibiotic resistance genes is confusing and does not really follow any standard pattern. Some are named after the person they were first isolated from, others after the antibiotic to which they cause resistance and still others after the place where they were discovered. There can even be a mixture within each class of resistance, do not try and find a logical method for learning them, there isn’t one.
How Resistance Occurs - Mechanisms of Resistance
Bacteria develop mechanisms
of resistance in 4 ways; these are the bacterium’s survival response to
the antibiotics trying to kill it. Knowledge
of individual classes of antibiotics can all be fitted into these groups.
How is Antibiotic Resistance Spread?
Antibiotic resistance can be spread between bacteria and bacterial species by
mobile genetic elements. There are two principal mobile genetic elements, which
carry resistance genes:
mobile genetic elements. There are two principal mobile genetic elements, which
carry resistance genes:
Topics in Antibiotics:
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- Antimicrobial Stewardship
- How Antibiotics Work - Mechanisms of Action
- How to Choose an Antibiotic
- Prophylaxis vs. Treatment
- How to Prescribe an Antibiotic
- The Daily Review of Antibiotic Therapy
- Reasons for Failing Antibiotic Therapy
- Intravenous to Oral Switching of Antibiotics
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
- Interpretation of TDM
- Antibiotic Dosing in Adult Renal Impairment
- Adjustment of Antibiotic Doses in Adult Renal Impairment
- Antibiotic Dosing in Obesity
- What is Antibiotic Resistance?
- How Resistance Occurs - Mechanisms of Resistance
- How is Antibiotic Resistance Spread?
- How is Antibiotic Resistance Detected in the Laboratory?
- Table of Antibiotic Spectrum of Activity
- Table of Antibiotic Tissue Penetration
- Allergy to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
- Including pages on each: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Aztreonam, Trimethoprim and Co-Trimoxazole (Septrin), Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin and Clindamycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin and Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin, Vancomycin and Teicoplanin, Daptomycin, Metronidazole, Doxycycline, Tigecycline and Tetracycline, Linezoli, Rifampicin, Fusidic Acid, Colistin, Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Fidaxomicin, Fosfomycin, Antimycobacterials, Antifungals and Antivirals
All these topics are covered in the book...Ready to buy your copy? Click here to buy your copy of "Microbiology Nuts & Bolts" Its updated and amazingly only slightly larger considering its got 1/3 more in it! (11cmx18cmx2.5cm).
